This process is catalyzed by a viral RNA replicase. This is because the positive-sense strand contains the sequence information needed to translate the viral proteins needed for viral replication. For instance, the genome of a negative- sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA -) virus may be a template for a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA +). In virology, the term transcription may also be used when referring to mRNA synthesis from an RNA molecule (i.e., equivalent to RNA replication). Overall, RNA helps synthesize, regulate, and process proteins it therefore plays a fundamental role in performing functions within a cell. Other stretches of DNA may be transcribed into small non-coding RNAs such as microRNA, transfer RNA (tRNA), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), or enzymatic RNA molecules called ribozymes as well as larger non-coding RNAs such as ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). If the stretch of DNA is transcribed into an RNA molecule that encodes a protein, the RNA is termed messenger RNA (mRNA) the mRNA, in turn, serves as a template for the protein's synthesis through translation.
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